Across the grain refers to cutting or sanding perpendicular to the natural direction of the wood fibers. In woodworking, this method can create a smoother surface and reveal unique patterns in the wood. There are several synonyms that can be used to describe this technique, such as crosswise, contrary, or transverse. Using these terms can help clarify instructions in woodworking plans or discussions with fellow woodworkers. Another option is to simply say "cutting against the grain," which is a commonly understood phrase in the woodworking community. Whatever synonym is used, it is important to remember the importance of proper technique to achieve the desired results in a woodworking project.