Acute pericarditis is a condition in which the pericardium, the thin sac surrounding the heart, becomes inflamed. This inflammation can cause sharp chest pain, fever, and other symptoms. There are a few different synonyms for acute pericarditis, including acute inflammation of the pericardium, acute pericardial effusion, and acute pericardial tamponade. Pericarditis can sometimes be associated with other underlying conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, or heart attacks. Treatment for acute pericarditis may include medications to reduce inflammation and manage pain, as well as addressing any underlying conditions. Early detection and treatment of acute pericarditis can help prevent complications and promote a full recovery.