Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, structures, and other physical remains. An archaeologian is a person who studies archaeology, but there are many other synonyms for the term. An archaeologist is one who studies archaeology as a science. A prehistorian is one who primarily studies the prehistoric period. An anthropologist is one who studies culture and human society, but also often studies archaeology. A paleontologist is one who studies fossils and ancient life forms. A historian or historical researcher studies history, but may also be involved in archaeology. Regardless of the exact term used, all these professionals play a vital role in understanding and preserving our past.