Atypical Mycobacteria, also known as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), refer to a group of bacteria that differ from the common Mycobacterium tuberculosis. NTM encompasses over 150 species, making accurate identification crucial for effective treatment. Due to the diverse nature of these microorganisms, they are also referred to as environmental mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis. These synonyms highlight the fact that they are commonly found in natural environments such as water, soil, and even in some household plumbing systems. Although atypical mycobacteria rarely cause disease in healthy individuals, they can be opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised individuals or those with pre-existing lung conditions.