Bone Marrow Transplantation, also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, can be a life-saving procedure for individuals with blood diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and sickle cell anemia. However, this medical procedure may be called different names depending on the context. For example, blood stem cell transplantation is a synonym used by medical professionals to describe the process of replacing diseased cells with healthy ones. Another term is allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which involves transferring cells from a matched donor. Autologous stem cell transplantation is the process of harvesting and returning an individual's own cells after treatment with radiation or chemotherapy. Regardless of the term used, bone marrow transplantation is a complex and vital medical treatment for those in need.