The antonyms for the word "case hardening" can be various depending upon their context. If we consider the technical sense, then the antonyms can be case softening or surface softening. These terms refer to the opposite process of case hardening, which involves increasing the hardness and durability of a metal surface. In contrast, case softening or surface softening are processes that decrease the hardness and increase the ductility of a metal surface. In a more general sense, the opposite of case hardening can be vulnerability, fragility or weakness. These terms imply the lack of durability and resistance against physical, emotional or intellectual adversity.