Catherine the Great is the name given to the Russian empress and stateswoman who ruled the country from 1762 to 1796. Synonyms for Catherine the Great include Catherine II, Catherine II the Great, and Ekaterina II. Although she was not Russian by birth, having been born a German princess, Catherine II served as an enlightened monarch, implementing a number of reforms that established Russia as a powerful player on the European stage. Her reign is often characterized by her devotion to the arts, her patronage of writers and artists, and her tireless efforts to promote the advancement of science and education in her kingdom.