Chemical oxygen demand or COD refers to the amount of oxygen required for the oxidation of organic and inorganic materials present in water. It is a critical parameter used to measure the level of pollution in wastewater. Some synonyms for chemical oxygen demand include total organic carbon (TOC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and oxygen uptake rate (OUR). These terms are often used interchangeably, but they have slightly different meanings and purposes. While TOC measures the total carbon present in an aqueous solution, BOD determines the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms during the degradation of organic matter. OUR, on the other hand, measures the rate of oxygen uptake in biological systems.