Chorea major, commonly known as Sydenham's chorea, is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, jerky movements. While the term "chorea major" specifically refers to this particular condition, there are several synonymous terms used interchangeably to describe the same disorder. These include Sydenham's St. Vitus's dance, rheumatic chorea, and acute chorea. These synonyms emphasize different aspects of the condition or its historical origins. Sydenham's St. Vitus's dance connects it to the ancient belief that dancing was a means to appease St. Vitus, the patron saint of dancers. Rheumatic chorea highlights the link between the disorder and rheumatic fever, a common trigger for chorea major. And acute chorea simply refers to the sudden onset of the involuntary movements.