Chromosome segregation, the process of dividing and distributing chromosomes during cell division, is a critical process for maintaining genetic stability. There are several synonyms for the term chromosome segregation, including chromosome partitioning, chromatid disjunction, and karyokinetic separation. Other related terms include mitosis, meiosis, and cell division. Chromosome segregation is an essential process for the normal growth and development of organisms, and any errors in this process can lead to genetic abnormalities or diseases such as cancer. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms of chromosome segregation is important for both basic research and clinical applications.