Coloproctology is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus. Some synonyms for coloproctology include colorectal surgery, rectal surgery, and proctology. Other synonyms include bowel surgery, anal surgery, and colon and rectal surgery. These terms all refer to the same field of medicine, which involves the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract. The specialty requires specialized knowledge and expertise in the management of conditions such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and functional disorders of the anus and rectum. Surgeons in the field use a combination of surgical and non-surgical therapies to manage these conditions and improve patients' quality of life.