Conformational isomerism refers to the different arrangements of atoms in a molecule that arise due to rotation about single bonds. There are several synonyms for this phenomenon including rotational isomerism, bond rotation isomerism, and torsional isomerism. Different conformations of a molecule can have different physical and chemical properties, such as bond angles, geometries, and steric hindrance. Understanding conformational isomerism is crucial in various fields of chemistry, such as medicinal chemistry, material science, and polymer chemistry. It allows chemists to predict and manipulate the properties of molecules, leading to the development of new pharmaceuticals and materials.