Congenital hypothyroidism is a medical condition that affects infants at birth. This condition is present in babies who do not produce enough thyroid hormone, which plays a critical role in the development of organs and regulating metabolism. Some synonyms for congenital hypothyroidism include cretinism, infantile hypothyroidism, neonatal hypothyroidism, thyroid agenesis, thyroid dysgenesis, and thyroid aplasia. Although the condition can be managed with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, early detection is crucial to prevent further complications. It is important for parents to be aware of the signs and symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism and seek medical attention promptly if they suspect their child may be affected.