Congenital lobar emphysema is a medical condition that refers to a rare lung disease in infants. This condition leads to the overinflation of one or more lobes of the lungs, causing severe respiratory distress and breathlessness. Some common synonyms for congenital lobar emphysema are congenital pulmonary emphysema, infantile lobar emphysema, and idiopathic hyperlucent lung. Other related terms include acquired lobar emphysema, bullous emphysema, and centrilobular emphysema. Although congenital lobar emphysema is a rare condition, it can be life-threatening if left untreated. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if any symptoms of respiratory distress occur, such as rapid breathing or cyanosis.