Antonyms for the phrase "didst one's duty" could include "neglected one's responsibility," "disregarded obligation," or "failed to fulfill one's task." These antonyms suggest a lack of accountability or an unwillingness to carry out one's assigned duties. Other antonyms might include "shirked responsibility," "ignored duty," or "abandoned one's obligations." These phrases all indicate a failure to meet one's obligations, which may have serious consequences in personal, professional, or social contexts. In contrast, "doing one's duty" implies a sense of honor, responsibility, and reliability, which may be associated with positive outcomes and reputations.