Dilated cardiomyopathy is a serious heart condition that occurs when the heart becomes enlarged and weak, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood properly. Synonyms for this medical condition include congestive cardiomyopathy, dilated nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Other terms used to describe this condition include cardiomegaly, heart failure, left heart failure, and ventricular dysfunction. Dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by a number of factors, including genetics, infections, and exposure to toxins. Treatment options typically involve medications to improve heart function, as well as lifestyle changes and surgery for more severe cases.