Egyptian ophthalmia, commonly known as trachoma, is an eye infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a leading cause of blindness in developing countries. Synonyms for this eye infection include granular conjunctivitis, endemic trachoma, and blinding trachoma. The condition is highly contagious and mainly affects the conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelids. Symptoms of trachoma include irritation, redness, and swelling of the eyes, as well as discharge and vision loss. Prevention and treatment strategies include good hygiene practices, antibiotics, and surgery in severe cases. Education and awareness programs are also critical in reducing the incidence of Egyptian ophthalmia in affected populations.