Electron pairs are commonly referred to as "bonding pairs" or "valence electron pairs". In chemistry, electrons can form such pairs when they are shared between two atoms. These pairs are responsible for the formation of chemical bonds between atoms and molecules. Another synonym for electron pair is "Lewis base pair", named after Gilbert Lewis. Other related terms include "covalent bond" and "molecular orbital". Understanding electron pairs is essential in the study of chemical bonding and the behavior of molecules, both in the laboratory and in practical applications such as pharmaceuticals and materials science.