End-point mutations, also known as single base substitutions, are changes that occur at a single nucleotide residue in the DNA sequence. While there are no exact synonyms, there are several related terms that are often used interchangeably. These include point mutations, base substitutions, nucleotide substitutions, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Point mutations are a broader category that includes both end-point mutations and other types of mutations that occur at a single nucleotide position, such as insertions and deletions. Base substitutions and nucleotide substitutions are more specific terms that refer specifically to the replacement of one nucleotide with another. SNPs are end-point mutations that are common variations within a population and can be used as markers for genetic analysis and disease susceptibility.