When it comes to examining a topic or issue through argument, there are a number of synonyms available to express the same idea. Some of the most common synonyms for the phrase "examine by argument" include "debate," "discuss," "dispute," "deliberate," and "contend." Each of these words conveys a slightly different nuance, with "debate" suggesting a more formal structure and organized approach, while "dispute" emphasizes the potential for disagreement or conflict. "Deliberate" connotes a more thoughtful, careful examination of an issue, while "contend" suggests a more forceful, determined approach to arguing a point. Regardless of which term you choose, examining an issue through argument can be a productive way to explore different perspectives and arrive at a well-reasoned conclusion.