The external carotid artery refers to a blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the head and neck. There are several synonyms for this artery, including the external carotid arterial system, external maxillary artery, external carotid trunk, and external carotid vascular tree. Other terms that may be used to refer to this artery include the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery. Understanding these different terms can be important for healthcare professionals who are treating patients with conditions affecting the head and neck. It can also help patients to better understand their own conditions and medical treatment options.