The family Acanthuridae, commonly referred to as surgeonfishes, are a diverse group of marine fishes categorized under the order Perciformes. They are known for their striking colors and sharp spines, which resemble surgical instruments and serve as a defense mechanism against predators. Synonyms for the family Acanthuridae include the surgeonfish family, tang family, and unicornfish family. These fishes are widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical waters, and are an important component of coral reef ecosystems. Many species within this family are also sought after by aquarium enthusiasts for their beauty and unique personalities. However, some species are also subject to overfishing and habitat degradation, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect these important marine animals.