The Family Plethodontidae, also known as lungless salamanders, encompass a diverse group of salamanders found throughout the Americas. Synonyms for the Family Plethodontidae include the suborder Plethodontina, the superfamily Plethodontoidea, and the family Hydromantes. With over 500 species, these small terrestrial and arboreal salamanders exhibit a range of unique adaptations, such as adhesive toe pads, prehensile tails, and unique reproductive strategies. Many species within the Plethodontidae family are considered endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation, making conservation efforts crucial. Understanding the taxonomy and diversity of this family is important for both scientific and conservation purposes.