Family Thiobacteriaceae is a group of gram-negative bacteria that thrive in anaerobic environments, utilizing sulfide and other sulfur compounds for energy production. Synonyms for these bacteria include sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, thioautotrophic bacteria, sulfur bacteria, and chemolithotrophic bacteria. The Thiobacteriaceae family plays an essential ecological role in sulfur cycle processes, including the oxidation of sulfide in marine sediments, the transformation of organic matter in anaerobic environments, and the production of sulfuric acid in mining areas. Understanding their physiology and ecology is crucial for the study of microbial diversity and biogeochemical cycles. The identification and characterization of Thiobacteriaceae species are significant for environmental and industrial applications, including bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and metal extraction.