Formal science is a term used to describe disciplines that deal with the formal systems such as logic, mathematics, computer science, and statistics. There are several other words or phrases that can be used interchangeably with "formal science." One alternative phrase to describe formal science is "deductive science," as it relies on formal rules to draw conclusions from a set of premises. Another term is "formal systems," which refers to the systematic approach of organizing and representing knowledge in a formalized manner. Additionally, the term "abstract science" can describe formal science, as it deals with concepts and theories rather than concrete objects. Overall, formal science provides the foundation for many aspects of modern society and is a critical tool for understanding complex systems.