Gemmology is the study of gemstones, including their properties, identification, and valuation. There are several synonyms for gemmology, including gemology, lapidary, and mineralogy. Gemology refers specifically to the scientific study of gemstones, while lapidary refers to the art of cutting, polishing, and shaping gemstones. Mineralogy encompasses the study of all minerals and their properties, including gemstones. Other related terms include crystallography, which focuses on the structures and properties of crystals, and mineral exploration, which involves the discovery and extraction of minerals from the earth. Regardless of the specific term used, the study of gemstones is a fascinating field that blends science, art, and history.