Gene silencing is a complex process of regulating or turning off genes. There are several synonyms for gene silencing, including RNA interference, RNAi, small interference RNA, siRNA, and post-transcriptional gene silencing. RNA interference (RNAi) focuses on the use of small RNAs to target and degrade specific mRNA molecules. Small interference RNA (siRNA) is a specific type of RNA capable of silencing gene transcripts of complementary nucleotide sequences. Post-transcriptional gene silencing, on the other hand, involves mRNA transcripts that are degraded or prevented from transcribing, preventing the production of protein coded by the gene. Gene silencing techniques play an essential role in gene therapy and research.