Genus Carpinus, commonly known as the hornbeam tree, can be referred to using a variety of synonyms. One such synonym is Ostrya, which is derived from the Greek word "ostryos," meaning "bone-like" and referencing the tree's extremely hard wood. Another synonym is Carpinus betulus, which is the species name for the European hornbeam. The hornbeam tree can also be referred to as blue-beech, musclewood, or ironwood due to its uniquely strong and durable wood. Regardless of the synonym used, the genus Carpinus typically refers to a small to medium-sized tree with smooth gray bark and toothed leaves that turn yellow in the fall.