Genus Thiobacillus is a group of bacteria that are known for their ability to oxidize sulfur and reduce sulfates. There are several synonyms for this genus, including Acidithiobacillus and Thiobacillus acidophilus. Acidithiobacillus is a preferred name for some species of Thiobacillus, while Thiobacillus acidophilus specifically refers to a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that is commonly found in acid mine drainage. Other synonyms include Thiobacillus thioparus, which is a chemolithotrophic bacterium that can oxidize sulfur compounds, and Thiobacillus denitrificans, which can oxidize sulfur and reduce nitrate. Despite these different names, all of these bacteria share similar characteristics and play important roles in various ecosystems.