Glial cells, also called neuroglia, are cells found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. These cells are important for maintaining the health and function of nerve cells. There are various synonyms for glial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Astrocytes provide structural support, regulate the exchange of chemicals between nerve cells and blood vessels, and form scar tissue after injury. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, which insulates nerve fibers and allows for faster transmission of nerve impulses. Microglia are immune cells that remove damaged and dead cells in the nervous system. Together, these cells play a critical role in maintaining the health and function of the nervous system.