A graduate degree, also known as a postgraduate degree, refers to any academic program beyond an undergraduate degree. Some synonyms for graduate degree include master's degree, doctoral degree, professional degree, advanced degree, and post-baccalaureate degree. A master's degree is a specialized degree that typically requires one to two years of study beyond a bachelor's degree, while a doctoral degree, such as a PhD, can take several years and involves independent research and a dissertation. Professional degrees, such as a JD (Juris Doctor) or MD (Doctor of Medicine), are specific degrees for certain professions. An advanced degree refers to any degree beyond a bachelor's degree, while a post-baccalaureate degree covers a wide range of specialized programs.