Hematocytopenia is a medical term that refers to a low concentration of blood cells in the circulatory system. Some synonyms for hematocytopenia include anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia. Anemia specifically refers to a low concentration of red blood cells, whereas leukopenia and thrombocytopenia refer to low concentrations of white blood cells and platelets, respectively. Pancytopenia is a more general term that refers to low concentrations of all blood cell types. Hematocytopenia can be caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune disorders, medications, infections, and genetic disorders. Treatment for hematocytopenia will depend on the underlying cause and may include blood transfusions, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplants.