Hepatosplenomegaly is a medical term used to describe the enlargement of both the liver and the spleen. Although the term is widely used in medical circles, it may be unfamiliar to the general public. There are several synonyms that can be used to describe this condition, such as liver and spleen enlargement, hepatomegaly with splenomegaly and hepatic and splenic swelling. Enlargement of the liver and spleen can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, including infections, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Accurate diagnosis and prompt medical treatment are essential to prevent serious complications that can result from this condition.