Human mitochondrial genetics deals with the study of DNA present within the mitochondria of human cells. There are a few synonyms for this term that are frequently used, including mitochondrial DNA genetics, mtDNA genetics, and maternally inherited genetics. Mitochondria are essential organelles within human cells that provide energy to the body's organs and tissues. The mtDNA genes are inherited from the mother only and are used to trace human ancestry and evolutionary history. The study of human mitochondrial genetics is a crucial field that helps researchers understand the genetic basis of various diseases and disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and several types of cancers.