Hypoplastic anemia, also known as aplastic anemia, is a rare blood disorder that occurs when the body fails to produce enough red blood cells due to decreased bone marrow activity. There are several synonyms for hypoplastic anemia, including: bone marrow aplasia, erythrocyte hypoplasia, myelohypoplasia, and bone marrow failure. While each term describes the same rare disorder, they may be used by healthcare professionals and researchers to emphasize a specific aspect of the condition. Hypoplastic anemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including radiation exposure, medications, and genetic predisposition. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, but may include blood transfusions, immunosuppressive therapy, and bone marrow transplant.