External ophthalmopathy refers to any condition that affects the structures surrounding the eye, such as the eyelids, tear ducts, and conjunctiva. These conditions can include infections, allergies, tumors, trauma, or other disorders that cause inflammation and irritation in these areas. Common symptoms of external ophthalmopathy include redness, itching, tearing, and pain in the eye. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics, corticosteroids, artificial tears, or surgery. In contrast, internal ophthalmopathy refers to conditions that affect structures within the eye, such as the retina, optic nerve, or vitreous humor. These conditions can include diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.