John William Strutt was a British physicist and mathematician who made significant contributions to the field of electromagnetic radiation. He is also referred to by his title Baron Rayleigh, which he received in recognition of his work. Other synonyms for John William Strutt include the 3rd Baron Rayleigh and Lord Rayleigh. Additionally, he is sometimes referred to simply as Rayleigh, especially in the context of his famous scattering law theory. Rayleigh was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 for his work on the density of gases and the discovery of argon, making him a highly respected figure in the scientific community.