Junin virus is a leading cause of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in South America, which is transmitted to humans by the rodent Calomys musculinus. The virus is also known as the Argentine hemorrhagic fever virus and is a member of the Arenaviridae family. Other synonyms for the Junin virus include the Junin virus strain XJ-13, the XJ13 strain of Junin virus, and simply Junin fever. The virus was first identified in 1958 in Argentina, where it is endemic in the regions of Junin, Buenos Aires, and La Pampa. There are currently no specific treatments or vaccines available for Junin virus infection, making prevention measures and early detection crucial for controlling the disease's spread.