The term "last name" is a common way to refer to the surname of an individual. However, it can be replaced with synonyms such as family name, surname, or cognomen. A family name represents the name shared by members of a family, while the term surname is derived from the Latin term "surnomen" which means "above the name". Cognomen, on the other hand, refers to the nickname or secondary name given to an individual. Other synonyms for last name include patronymic, matronymic, and clan name, which reflect different cultural naming conventions. Overall, the use of synonyms for last name allows for greater diversity in language and culture.