Leukodystrophy is a rare genetic disorder that affects the white matter of the brain, causing a progressive loss of motor skills, cognitive abilities, and vision. While it is a well-known medical term, there are several other synonyms used to refer to this condition, including leukoencephalopathy, myelinopathy, demyelinating disease, and white matter disease. These terms are often used interchangeably, depending on the underlying pathology and symptoms of the patient. Although there is no cure for leukodystrophy, therapies such as bone marrow transplants, gene therapy, and supportive care can improve the quality of life for affected individuals and their families.