Marranism refers to the practice of secret Judaism, particularly during the Spanish Inquisition. It comes from the name of the 17th-century scholar Isaac de la Pena, who became a Christian to avoid persecution but continued to practice Judaism in secret. In modern times, the term Marranism has been criticized for its negative connotations and associations with deception. Synonyms for Marranism include Crypto-Judaism, Jewish hiding, and underground Judaism, which focus on the clandestine nature of this religious practice. Other more neutral terms include hidden Judaism, secret Jewish practice, or Jewish survival techniques. Ultimately, whatever the terminology used, these words describe the resilience of a people and their determination to maintain their beliefs.