Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare neurological condition that is characterized by three main symptoms: recurrent facial swelling, facial paralysis, and a fissured tongue. Though there are no common synonyms for this specific syndrome, there are other conditions with similar symptoms and causes, such as sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, Bell's palsy, and HIV-associated facial nerve paralysis. It is important for individuals with symptoms that resemble those of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome to seek medical advice from healthcare professionals who can properly diagnose and provide appropriate care.