Microbial metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that take place within microorganisms to produce energy and growth. There are numerous synonyms for microbial metabolism, including microbial biogeochemistry, microbial physiology, microbial biochemistry, and microbial ecology. These terms refer to the ways in which microorganisms interact with their environment and utilize different sources of energy to carry out essential life processes. Other related terms include microbiology, microbial genetics, and microbial evolution. The study of microbial metabolism is essential to understanding the roles that microorganisms play in various ecosystems and their impact on human health. Advances in this field have also led to the development of important biological applications for industries such as food production, medicine, and environmental conservation.