Mitochondrial genetics is the study of how genes are inherited through mitochondrial DNA. There are many synonyms for this term, including mitochondrial genomics, mitochondrial inheritance, mitochondrial DNA genetics, and mitochondrial evolution. Other related terms include mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial biology. These fields of study are critical to understanding how mitochondrial DNA contributes to human health and disease. Mitochondrial genetics research has led to significant discoveries in the treatment of various diseases and has the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine. Understanding the genetics of mitochondria is essential to gaining a deeper understanding of cell biology and human health.