Neolignans are an important class of naturally occurring compounds with a diverse array of biological activities. These specialized compounds are derived from lignans, which are a class of polyphenolic compounds found mainly in plants. Synonyms for neolignans may include lignanoids, neolignoids, lignan-like compounds, lignin-like compounds, and lignin derivatives. Neolignans have been shown to possess various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor effects. Studies have also shown them to have potential use in treating various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. The identification and isolation of neolignan compounds from natural sources have led to extensive research on their therapeutic potential.