"Nervus thoracalis posterior", also known as the posterior thoracic nerve, is an important nerve located in the thoracic region of the human body. Synonyms for this nerve include the posterior intercostal nerve or the intercostal nerve. These terms are interchangeably used to refer to the same nerve structure. The nervus thoracalis posterior plays a crucial role in innervating the muscles and skin of the thoracic region, providing sensory and motor functions. Understanding the synonyms for this nerve is vital for medical professionals and students interested in anatomy and physiology as it helps in describing and discussing its specific anatomical location and functions.