Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal condition caused by certain medications that affect the central nervous system. Often associated with antipsychotic medications, NMS can cause symptoms such as high fever, muscle rigidity, tremors, and changes in mental status. Synonyms for NMS include malignant neuroleptic syndrome, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, and malignant neuroleptic-induced syndrome. Treatment for NMS typically involves discontinuing the medication that caused the syndrome and providing supportive care such as fluids and medications to control fever and muscle rigidity. Early recognition and treatment of NMS are important in preventing severe complications and improving outcomes.