Nuclear proteins are essential for the regulation of DNA replication and gene expression within cells. There are numerous synonyms for the term "nuclear protein," including chromatin proteins, histones, and nucleoproteins. Additionally, transcription factors, which bind to certain DNA sequences and control the initiation and regulation of gene expression, can also be considered nuclear proteins. Other synonymous terms for nuclear proteins may include DNA-binding proteins, nuclear transcription factors, and nuclear receptors. The diversity of terms highlights the numerous functions that nuclear proteins carry out within cells and their vital role in biological processes such as cell division, DNA repair, and differentiation.