Nucleic acid structure determination is a key process in understanding the function of DNA and RNA. Synonyms for this term include nucleic acid crystallography, nucleic acid imaging, nucleic acid modeling, and nucleic acid spectroscopy. These techniques involve the use of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, computer simulations, and spectroscopy to determine the structure of nucleic acids. Advances in these methods have revolutionized our understanding of genetic information transfer and have played a vital role in fields such as medicine and biotechnology. Accurate determination of nucleic acid structure is essential for the development of new drugs and therapies that target genetic diseases.