Optic neuropathy is a condition that affects the optic nerve, causing partial or complete loss of vision. There are several synonyms used to describe this condition, including optic neuritis, optic nerve disease, optic atrophy, and optic nerve damage. Other terms used to describe optic neuropathy include bilateral or unilateral optic neuropathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, and toxic optic neuropathy. Some of the common causes of optic neuropathy include aging, diabetes, high blood pressure, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and head injuries. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent vision loss or blindness associated with optic neuropathy. Treatment normally depends on the underlying cause of the condition.